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This lab is a baseline check. It measures what you already know before we teach the unit — guessing honestly is more useful than looking things up.
You have about five minutes. In the box below, list every part of the human body you can name — inside or outside, big or microscopic, in any order. Separate them with commas or put each on its own line. Do not look anything up. Spelling does not have to be perfect. When you are finished, click Analyze My List and the lab will sort your parts into the body’s organ systems for you.
Human anatomy is organized hierarchically. Molecules assemble into cells, the smallest units capable of carrying out life processes. Cells of similar structure and function form tissues — epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. Two or more tissue types combine into an organ, a discrete structure with a defined role, and organs that share a common purpose are grouped into an organ system. Eleven such systems are conventionally recognized, and together they constitute the organism. The boundaries between these systems are analytical conveniences rather than biological walls: the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and regulatory hormones, the kidney participates in both excretion and blood pressure control, and skeletal muscle contraction generates the heat that maintains core body temperature.
The systems can be grouped by the problem each one solves. Three systems handle support, protection, and movement. The integumentary system — skin, hair, nails, and associated glands — forms the body’s outermost barrier, resists pathogen entry, limits water loss, and dissipates excess heat through evaporative cooling. The skeletal system supplies the rigid framework against which muscles pull, shields the brain and thoracic organs, stores calcium and phosphate, and houses the red marrow where blood cells are manufactured. The muscular system converts chemical energy in ATP into mechanical force, producing locomotion, maintaining posture, and generating metabolic heat.
Two systems handle communication and control. The nervous system detects internal and external stimuli and transmits electrochemical impulses along neurons, delivering responses within milliseconds. The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream from ductless glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands; these chemical messengers travel more slowly but exert effects that persist for hours, days, or years. Speed versus duration is the fundamental trade-off between the two control systems, and they are functionally integrated at the hypothalamus.
Four systems manage transport and exchange with the environment. The cardiovascular system circulates blood through a closed network of arteries, capillaries, and veins, delivering oxygen and nutrients while collecting carbon dioxide and metabolic waste. The respiratory system moves air to the alveoli, where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out across a membrane roughly one cell thick. The digestive system mechanically and chemically reduces food into absorbable molecules, which cross the villi lining the small intestine. The urinary system filters plasma through approximately one million nephrons per kidney, removing nitrogenous waste while adjusting water, salt, and pH balance.
Finally, the lymphatic and immune system returns leaked interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and mounts defenses against pathogens using lymphocytes, lymph nodes, the spleen, and the thymus, while the reproductive system produces gametes and, in females, supports embryonic and fetal development. Every one of these systems operates in service of a single overarching goal: homeostasis, the maintenance of stable internal conditions despite a changing external environment. When you understand which system solves which problem, an unfamiliar organ becomes far easier to place.
Click any card to reveal its function. Only one card stays open at a time and each card closes automatically after 8 seconds. You may reopen any card as many times as you need.
Click a system on the left, then click the function on the right that belongs to it. Correct pairs lock in green.
Matched: 0 / 11
For each structure below, choose the organ system it primarily belongs to. Use the reading and the vocabulary cards from the previous page if you need them. Completing the entire table is worth 4 points toward your grade, scaled to how many rows you place correctly.
| Structure | Where It Is Found | Organ System | ✓ |
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Anatomy is a language before it is anything else. These six tasks ask you to complete, rebuild, and expand scientific sentences using the vocabulary from the reading. Each task is worth 1 point.
Word Bank: cardiovascular • villi • endocrine • alveoli • nephrons • integumentary
1. The system delivers oxygen to body tissues, while the respiratory system loads that oxygen into the blood.
2. Finger-like projections called dramatically increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine.
Click words in order to build a grammatically correct scientific sentence. Words placed correctly turn green. Click a word in your answer to send it back.
Each sentence below is true but bare. Rewrite it as one complete sentence that answers both prompts. Aim for precision, not length.
1. Bare sentence: The heart pumps blood.
Expand using — Where? (to which structures does the blood travel) and Why? (what does the body gain)
2. Bare sentence: Bones store minerals.
Expand using — When? (under what conditions are the minerals released) and How? (what process moves them)
Eight questions have been drawn at random from a bank of twenty-four. Each is worth 1 point. Answer every question — an educated guess still tells your teacher something useful. Submit once; this is a baseline, not a test you can retake.
Your printable report includes your name and grade at the top, your brain-dump list and coverage graph, your completed data table, and every question with your answers. Use Save as PDF in the print dialog and submit it to your teacher.